A Voltage Stabilizer is an electrical device. Which is used to provide a constant voltage output to a load. At its output terminals irrespective of any change/ fluctuation in the input i.e. incoming supply.
The basic purpose of a Voltage Stabilizer is to protect the electrical/ electronic gadgets. For example – Air conditioning Unit, Refrigerator, TV, etc. from the probable damage due to Voltage Surge/ fluctuations, Over Voltage and Under Voltage conditions.
Voltage Stabilizer is also known as AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator). The use of Voltage Stabilizer is not only limited to house/ office equipment which are being fed power supply from outside. Even the ships, who have their own internal power supply arrangement in form of Diesel Alternators, are heavily dependent on these AVRs for safety of their equipment.
In Servo based Voltage Stabilizers, the voltage regulation is done with the help of servo motor. They are also known as Servo Stabilizers. They are close loop systems.
In a Close loop system, a negative feedback (also known as error feed) is warranted from the output. So that the system can ensure that the desired output has been achieved. This is done by comparing Output and Input signals. If in case the desired output is over/under the required value, then an error signal (Output value- Input Value) will be received by the input source regulator. This regulator will then again generate a signal (positive of negative depending on the achieved output value) and feed it to the actuators to bring the output to the exact value.
Due to its Close loop property, Servo based Voltage Stabilizers used for appliances/ equipment which are very sensitive and need accurate input power supply (±01%) for performing intended functions.
The above figure indicates how a Servo based Voltage Stabilizer looks from inside. It has a Servo Motor, Auto-transformer, ‘Buck & Boost’ (tapped) transformer, a motor, an electronic circuit board and other supporting components.
In Servo based Voltage Stabilizer, One end of the primary coil of ‘Buck & Boost’ (tapped) transformer is connected to the fixed tapping of the auto-transformer. And the other end of the primary coil is connected with the moving arm. Which is controlled by the servo motor. One end of the Secondary coil of the ‘Buck & Boost’ transformer is connected to the input supply. The other end is connected to the output of Voltage Stabilizer.
The electronic circuit board carries out the comparison of the Output Voltage with the reference voltage source. As soon as it detects any rise or fall in the input supply beyond the reference value, it starts operating the motor which further moves the arm on the auto-transformer.
As the arm on the auto-transformer moves, the input voltage to the primary coil of ‘Buck & Boost’ transformer will change to the required Voltage Output. The servo motor will keep rotating till the difference between the Reference Voltage value and Stabilizer output becomes zero. This complete process happens in milliseconds. Today’s Servo based Voltage stabilizers comes with Microcontroller/ Microprocessor based control circuitry to provide intelligent control to users.
The different types of Servo based Voltage Stabilizers are: –
In Single Phase Servo Based Voltage Stabilizers, Voltage stabilization is achieved with the help of a servo motor connected to a variable transformer.
In Three Phase Balanced type Servo Based Voltage Stabilizers. Voltage stabilization is achieved with the help of a servo motor. Whis is connected to auto-transformers and a common control circuit. The output of auto-transformer is varied to achieve the stabilization.
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