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An 3 phase MFM (Multifunction Meter) is a digital device that measures and monitors multiple electrical parameters in an electrical installation, such as voltage, current, power (active, reactive, apparent), power factor, and energy. It works by sampling real-time voltage and current signals, processing them with a microcontroller, and displaying the data or transmitting it as digital signals. Pyro MFMs are used in industrial, commercial, and domestic settings to simplify electrical monitoring by replacing separate meters like voltmeters, ammeters, and wattmeter.
Unlike popular belief, the working principle of a multifunction meter is very different from that of a traditional induction meter.
A multifunction meter is much more ‘intelligent’ in comparison. It samples user power supply voltage and current in real-time and then uses a special electronic circuit including a microcontroller to process the sampled voltage and current signals.
This is then converted into electrical energy. The pulse output (when provided) is proportional to the final processed signals (kWh units).
In order to properly function, a multifunction meter has many electrical components, each serving a different purpose:
Potential and current transformers are commonly used to measure voltage and electric current.
The current transformer (CT) has a primary winding with usually a single turn (or wire/cable) passing through a ferromagnetic core (of soft iron).
Based on Faraday’s law of induction, the current flowing through the cable will create a magnetic field which is then detected in the secondary winding of the ring core.
This way, there is no need to open the power circuit in order to measure the current.